{"id":6706,"date":"2026-04-01T23:01:54","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T17:31:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enlightify.org\/?p=6706"},"modified":"2026-06-13T17:44:49","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T12:14:49","slug":"second-law-of-motion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/enlightify.org\/hi\/second-law-of-motion\/","title":{"rendered":"Second Law of Motion"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6706\" class=\"elementor elementor-6706\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-effe210 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"effe210\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-575645a elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"575645a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Newton\u2019s Second Law of Motion<\/h1>\n\n<h2>Introduction<\/h2>\n<p>\nNewton\u2019s Second Law of Motion explains how force changes the motion of an object. It shows that when a force acts on a body, the body gets acceleration. The acceleration depends on the applied force and the mass of the body.\n<\/p>\n\n<h2>Newton\u2019s Second Law of Motion<\/h2>\n<p>\nNewton\u2019s Second Law of Motion states that the rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the applied force and takes place in the direction of the force.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nFor constant mass, this law is written as:\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n<strong>F = m \u00d7 a<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nHere, <strong>F<\/strong> is the applied force, <strong>m<\/strong> is the mass of the body, and <strong>a<\/strong> is the acceleration produced.\n<\/p>\n\n<h2>Explanation<\/h2>\n<p>\nMomentum of a body is given by:\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n<strong>Momentum = m \u00d7 v<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nAccording to Newton\u2019s Second Law, applied force is proportional to the rate of change of momentum.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n<strong>Force \u221d change in momentum \/ time<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nIf the mass remains constant, then only velocity changes. So, the change in momentum depends on the change in velocity.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nTherefore,\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n<strong>Force \u221d m \u00d7 (change in velocity \/ time)<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nBut change in velocity per unit time is acceleration.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nSo,\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n<strong>Force \u221d m \u00d7 a<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nIn SI system, the proportionality constant is taken as 1. Therefore,\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n<strong>F = m \u00d7 a<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nThis means acceleration is directly proportional to force and inversely proportional to mass.\n<\/p>\n\n<h2>Examples from Daily Life<\/h2>\n<ul>\n  <li>Pushing an empty cart is easier than pushing a loaded cart because the empty cart has less mass.<\/li>\n  <li>If more force is applied to a body, it gets more acceleration.<\/li>\n  <li>A lighter object accelerates more than a heavier object when the same force is applied.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Illustration<\/h2>\n<div style=\"max-width: 100%; margin: 20px 0;\">\n  <svg viewbox=\"0 0 600 200\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMidYMid meet\" style=\"background:#fff; border:1px solid #000;\">\n\n    <rect x=\"0\" y=\"150\" width=\"600\" height=\"2\" fill=\"#000\" \/>\n\n    <rect x=\"100\" y=\"110\" width=\"60\" height=\"40\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-width=\"2\" \/>\n    <circle cx=\"110\" cy=\"155\" r=\"5\" fill=\"#000\" \/>\n    <circle cx=\"150\" cy=\"155\" r=\"5\" fill=\"#000\" \/>\n    <text x=\"95\" y=\"100\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#000\">Mass = Low<\/text>\n\n    <line x1=\"160\" y1=\"130\" x2=\"210\" y2=\"130\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-width=\"2\" marker-end=\"url(#arrow-black)\" \/>\n    <text x=\"215\" y=\"125\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#000\">Force<\/text>\n    <text x=\"95\" y=\"180\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#000\">High Acceleration<\/text>\n\n    <rect x=\"350\" y=\"110\" width=\"60\" height=\"40\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-width=\"2\" \/>\n    <circle cx=\"360\" cy=\"155\" r=\"5\" fill=\"#000\" \/>\n    <circle cx=\"390\" cy=\"155\" r=\"5\" fill=\"#000\" \/>\n    <text x=\"345\" y=\"100\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#000\">Mass = High<\/text>\n\n    <line x1=\"410\" y1=\"130\" x2=\"460\" y2=\"130\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-width=\"2\" marker-end=\"url(#arrow-black)\" \/>\n    <text x=\"465\" y=\"125\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#000\">Same Force<\/text>\n    <text x=\"345\" y=\"180\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#000\">Low Acceleration<\/text>\n\n    <defs>\n      <marker id=\"arrow-black\" markerwidth=\"6\" markerheight=\"6\" refx=\"3\" refy=\"3\" orient=\"auto\">\n        <polygon points=\"0,0 6,3 0,6\" fill=\"#000\" \/>\n      <\/marker>\n    <\/defs>\n  <\/svg>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>\nThe same force produces greater acceleration in the cart of smaller mass and smaller acceleration in the cart of greater mass.\n<\/p>\n\n<h2>Important Points<\/h2>\n<ul>\n  <li>Newton\u2019s Second Law gives the relation between force, mass, and acceleration.<\/li>\n  <li>Applied force is equal to the rate of change of momentum.<\/li>\n  <li>For constant mass, the law becomes <strong>F = m \u00d7 a<\/strong>.<\/li>\n  <li>Acceleration is directly proportional to force.<\/li>\n  <li>Acceleration is inversely proportional to mass.<\/li>\n  <li>The acceleration takes place in the direction of the applied force.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>\nNewton\u2019s Second Law of Motion explains how force affects the motion of a body. It gives a clear mathematical relation between force, mass, and acceleration and helps us understand many motions in daily life.\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Newton\u2019s Second Law of Motion Introduction Newton\u2019s Second Law of Motion explains how force changes the motion of an object. It shows that when a force acts on a body, the body gets acceleration. The acceleration depends on the applied force and the mass of the body. Newton\u2019s Second Law of Motion Newton\u2019s Second Law [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[98],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-physics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/enlightify.org\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6706","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/enlightify.org\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/enlightify.org\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enlightify.org\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enlightify.org\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6706"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/enlightify.org\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6706\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7269,"href":"https:\/\/enlightify.org\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6706\/revisions\/7269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/enlightify.org\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6706"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enlightify.org\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6706"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enlightify.org\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}